Even Young Children can Experience PTSD

When you think of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), soldiers
returning from combat may come to mind. 
But years of research suggest many others experience PTSD, too, even
young children, though their symptoms may differ from those of older children, adolescents and
adults.

PTSD
in adults and children can occur after exposure to a traumatic event — living
through one, witnessing one in person, or learning about a traumatic event that
involved a family member. A traumatic event can include a violent experience in
the home or community, a fire, a natural disaster, a car accident, or the sudden
death of a family member. The younger a child is, the greater the impact. The loss
of a parent or being removed from a parent, for example, feels like a threat to
a child, according to child psychiatrist Judith Cohen, M.D., medical director
of the Center for Traumatic Stress in Children & Adolescents at Allegheny General Hospital in
Pittsburgh.

Many
children experience trauma — an estimated 14 to 43 percent, according to the
National Center for PTSD. Of those, as many as 15 percent of girls and 6
percent of boys develop PTSD. Children with PTSD may experience distressful thoughts, ­and memories of the trauma may occur without warning. They may also have trouble
sleeping and nightmares (though they may not seem clearly tied to the event). Traumatized
children may try to avoid people or objects that are reminders of the event and
they may act more irritable, have angry outbursts, or be easily startled.
They may regress, wet the bed or talk baby-talk, and they may experience physical symptoms,
such as headaches and stomachaches. The symptoms can cause major distress and
can impact how a child behaves or relates to family members.

To help a child heal from PTSD, treatment involves working with
the child and parents and caregivers, creating a feeling of safety, helping the
child to understand the condition, and encouraging the youngster to talk about his
or her feelings (through art and play), to help develop
relaxation and coping skills. Rehabilitation begins with building trust and it needs
to be fun and engaging for young children, according to Dr. Cohen. Several different types of treatment are
available for children with symptoms of PTSD and early intervention can be
important in helping little ones cope with and heal from the effects of trauma.

For more information on understanding and helping children of all
ages heal from traumatic events visit the National
Child Traumatic Stress Network.

By Debbie Cohen, health writer, APA